1. Errors
Errors in quantitative analysis, classification of errors, concept of accuracy and precision, treatment
of analytical results.
2. Volumetric analysis
Principle of volumetric analysis, different methods of analysis, different methods for expressing
concentrations of solutions, primary and secondary standards.
3. Acid-base titrations
Acid- base concepts, relative strength of acids and bases, law of mass action, common ion effect,
ionic product of water, Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, buffer solutions, theory of indicators,
neutralization curves, choice of indicators, mixed and universal indicators.
4. Redox titrations
Concepts of oxidation–reduction reactions, redox reactions, theory of redox titrations, redox
indicators, iodometry and iodimetry, titrations involving cerric sulphate, potassium iodate,
potassium bromate, potassium permanganate, titanous chloride.
5. Non aqueous titration
Theoretical basis, types of solvents, preparations and standardization of titrant solutions, titration
of weak acid, weak bases and indicators. standardisation of perchloric acid, lithium and sodium
methoxide, tetra butyl ammonium hydroxide.
6. Precipitation titrations
Introduction, types of precipitation titrations, end point detection.
7. Complexometric titrations
Introduction, principle, types of titrations, endpoint detection.
8. Theory of Indicators
9. Gravimetry
Basic concepts, Precipitation techniques, co-precipitation, post–precipitation, various steps
involved in gravimetric analysis, pharmaceutical applications.
10. Limit tests
Definition, importance, general procedure for limit test for chlorides, sulphates, iron, arsenic, lead
and heavy metals.
11.Medicinal Gases
Preparation and uses of the following Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Helium, Nitrogen and Nitrous
Oxide.
Method of preparation, assay, storage conditions and uses of inorganic compounds listed in I.P
belonging to the following categories.
12. Acidifiers
Dilute hydrochloric acid, Sodium phosphate, Ammonium chloride.
13. Antacids
Classification, Qualities of an ideal antacid, side effects, advantages, combination therapy, acid
neutralizing capacity, Sodium bicarbonate, Potassium citrate, Aluminium hydroxide gel, Dried
aluminium hydroxide gel, Magnesium hydroxide, Light and heavy magnesium trisilicate, light and
heavy magnesium carbonate, Calcium carbonate, Magaldrate and Bismuth carbonate.
14. Cathartics
Magnesium hydroxide, Magnesium sulphate, Magnesium carbonate and Sodium phosphate.
15. Electrolyte replenisher
Electrolytes used for replacement therapy: Sodium chloride, Potassium chloride, Calcium chloride,
Calcium gluconate,
Electrolytes used in the acid-base therapy : Sodium acetate, Potassium acetate, Sodium
bicarbonate, Potassium bicarbonate, Sodium citrate, Sodium lactate, Ammonium chloride.
Electrolyte combination therapy, Compound sodium chloride solution, Sodium chloride injection
and Oral rehydration salt.
16. Essential Trace elements
Definition, Physiological role of Iron, Copper, Zinc,
Chromium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, Sulphur and Iodine.
17. Antimicrobials
Hydrogen Peroxide, Potassium Permanganate, Chlorinated Lime, Iodine, Boric Acid, Silver
Nitrate, Selenium Sulphide.
18. Pharmaceutical Aids: Sodium bisulphite, sodium metabisulphite, bentonite, magnesium
stearate, zinc stearate, aluminium sulphate, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, purified water, water
for injection and sterile water for injection.
19. Dental products
Anti-caries Agents: Role of Fluorides as anti-caries agents, Sodium fluoride.
Dentifrices: Calcium carbonate, dibasic calcium phosphate, Zinc chloride.
20. Miscellaneous compounds.
Sclerosing agents: Hypertonic saline, Sodium tetra decyl sulphate.
Expectorants: Potassium citrate and Potassium iodide.
Errors in quantitative analysis, classification of errors, concept of accuracy and precision, treatment
of analytical results.
2. Volumetric analysis
Principle of volumetric analysis, different methods of analysis, different methods for expressing
concentrations of solutions, primary and secondary standards.
3. Acid-base titrations
Acid- base concepts, relative strength of acids and bases, law of mass action, common ion effect,
ionic product of water, Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, buffer solutions, theory of indicators,
neutralization curves, choice of indicators, mixed and universal indicators.
4. Redox titrations
Concepts of oxidation–reduction reactions, redox reactions, theory of redox titrations, redox
indicators, iodometry and iodimetry, titrations involving cerric sulphate, potassium iodate,
potassium bromate, potassium permanganate, titanous chloride.
5. Non aqueous titration
Theoretical basis, types of solvents, preparations and standardization of titrant solutions, titration
of weak acid, weak bases and indicators. standardisation of perchloric acid, lithium and sodium
methoxide, tetra butyl ammonium hydroxide.
6. Precipitation titrations
Introduction, types of precipitation titrations, end point detection.
7. Complexometric titrations
Introduction, principle, types of titrations, endpoint detection.
8. Theory of Indicators
9. Gravimetry
Basic concepts, Precipitation techniques, co-precipitation, post–precipitation, various steps
involved in gravimetric analysis, pharmaceutical applications.
10. Limit tests
Definition, importance, general procedure for limit test for chlorides, sulphates, iron, arsenic, lead
and heavy metals.
11.Medicinal Gases
Preparation and uses of the following Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Helium, Nitrogen and Nitrous
Oxide.
Method of preparation, assay, storage conditions and uses of inorganic compounds listed in I.P
belonging to the following categories.
12. Acidifiers
Dilute hydrochloric acid, Sodium phosphate, Ammonium chloride.
13. Antacids
Classification, Qualities of an ideal antacid, side effects, advantages, combination therapy, acid
neutralizing capacity, Sodium bicarbonate, Potassium citrate, Aluminium hydroxide gel, Dried
aluminium hydroxide gel, Magnesium hydroxide, Light and heavy magnesium trisilicate, light and
heavy magnesium carbonate, Calcium carbonate, Magaldrate and Bismuth carbonate.
14. Cathartics
Magnesium hydroxide, Magnesium sulphate, Magnesium carbonate and Sodium phosphate.
15. Electrolyte replenisher
Electrolytes used for replacement therapy: Sodium chloride, Potassium chloride, Calcium chloride,
Calcium gluconate,
Electrolytes used in the acid-base therapy : Sodium acetate, Potassium acetate, Sodium
bicarbonate, Potassium bicarbonate, Sodium citrate, Sodium lactate, Ammonium chloride.
Electrolyte combination therapy, Compound sodium chloride solution, Sodium chloride injection
and Oral rehydration salt.
16. Essential Trace elements
Definition, Physiological role of Iron, Copper, Zinc,
Chromium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, Sulphur and Iodine.
17. Antimicrobials
Hydrogen Peroxide, Potassium Permanganate, Chlorinated Lime, Iodine, Boric Acid, Silver
Nitrate, Selenium Sulphide.
18. Pharmaceutical Aids: Sodium bisulphite, sodium metabisulphite, bentonite, magnesium
stearate, zinc stearate, aluminium sulphate, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, purified water, water
for injection and sterile water for injection.
19. Dental products
Anti-caries Agents: Role of Fluorides as anti-caries agents, Sodium fluoride.
Dentifrices: Calcium carbonate, dibasic calcium phosphate, Zinc chloride.
20. Miscellaneous compounds.
Sclerosing agents: Hypertonic saline, Sodium tetra decyl sulphate.
Expectorants: Potassium citrate and Potassium iodide.
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